A geotechnical investigation is a process of assessing the properties and behavior of soil, rock, and groundwater at a particular site. It is conducted to gather information and data that are essential for engineering and construction projects. Geotechnical investigations are typically performed by geotechnical engineers or geotechnical consultants who specialize in analysing the ground conditions and providing recommendations for the design and construction of structures.
The main objectives of a geotechnical investigation include:
Site Characterisation: It involves determining the physical and mechanical properties of the soil and rock layers present at the site. This includes evaluating factors such as soil composition, strength, permeability, compressibility, and groundwater conditions.
Foundation Design: Geotechnical investigations provide critical information for designing suitable foundations for structures. The investigation helps determine the type of foundation required, whether shallow (e.g., spread footings, mat foundations) or deep (e.g., piles, drilled shafts).
Slope Stability Assessment: Geotechnical investigations assess the stability of slopes to ensure safe construction and prevent landslides or slope failures. This involves analyzing the soil and rock properties, groundwater conditions, and slope geometry.
Earthquake Engineering: Geotechnical investigations consider the seismic properties of the site, such as liquefaction potential and soil amplification, to design structures that can withstand earthquake forces.
Environmental Considerations: Geotechnical investigations also evaluate the environmental impact of a project, particularly related to soil contamination, groundwater quality, and geotechnical aspects of waste disposal.
The geotechnical investigation process typically involves various methods such as drilling boreholes, collecting soil and rock samples, conducting laboratory tests on the samples, analyzing groundwater conditions, and using geophysical techniques to assess subsurface conditions. The data collected from these investigations help engineers make informed decisions and develop appropriate engineering designs for safe and efficient construction.
